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目 录
I 课程性质与设置目的
II 课程内容与考核目标
第一章 TWO WORDS TO AVOID， TWO TO REMEMBER
第二章 THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF
第三章 WALLS AND BARRIERS
第四章 THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I
第五章 THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II
第六章 DULL WORK
第七章 BEAUTY
第八章 APPETITE
第九章 A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS
第十章 STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY
第十一章 ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION
第十二章 GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS
第十三章 EUPHEMISM
第十四章 THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR——NATURE
第十五章 TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERING
III 有关说明与实施要求
I 课程性质与设置目的
本课程是高等教育自学考试英语教育（独立本科段）考试计划中的核心课程之一。设置本课程的目的可以归纳为如下几方面：
1． 引导学生注意吸收语言材料、扩大文化知识，特别是有关英美的文化知识。
2． 通过对文章的思想内容、篇章结构、语言技巧的分析，提高学生对文章的理解、分析及评述的能力。
3． 继续打好语言基本功，培养熟练技巧，努力发展学生综合应用英语的能力。
4．本课程重点章节为第2章，第3章，第4章，第5章，第6章，第7章，第8章，第9章，第11章，第12章，第13章，次重点为第10章，第15章，一般章节第1章，第14章。
II 课程内容与考核目标
（考核知识、考核要求）
第一章 TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
1. the background of the story;
2. the background of the author;
3. Organization and development of the text (narrative);
4. detailed study of the text;
5. Description in Narration
二．课程内容：TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of this unit;
2. Organization and development of the text (narrative);
3. Description in Narration
四．考核要求
识记： Words and phrases of this unit
1. the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick and spontaneous understanding that makes you a changed person
2. fallen through: failed
3. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth marked by light and dark patches
4. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painful realization of what had happened
5. he still carried a full case load: he still carried a briefcase fully loaded with documents
6. They are not identified, of course: Their names are not given
7. we might begin to get somewhere: succeed
8. There's a perverse streak in all of us: obstinately unreasonable quality
9. I shook my head ruefully: regretfully
10. substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase that provides a feeling of encouragement instead of causing nuisance
11. with an audible click: clearly/without any doubt
12. I spotted a cruising cab and ran toward it: taxi moving leisurely about, looking for passengers
13. Then I wait for that almost perceptible mental click: the clear signal suggested by the Old man that can almost be felt in the mind
领会：
1. The Organization and development of the text (narrative);
2. Description in Narration
简单应用:
Sentence structure and rewriting
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第二章 THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notes to the text)— Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.
2. Organization and development of the text;
3. Main idea of each paragraph.
4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal words and phrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);
5. Level of Usage
二．课程内容：THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of this unit;
2. Organization and development of the text;
3. Main idea of each paragraph.
4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal
四．考核要求
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. exhorted: urged strongly
2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for
3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting
4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves
5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously
6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deserving a celebration with champagne was ensured
7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for
8. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: unreasonable
9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officially
10.until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction
11.They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devils
12.Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of
13.the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of
14.to ruminate about the situation with
15.Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy
16.Even there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, there is a way to do so.
17.in the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels
18.The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothing
19.His point is will taken: accepted
20.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromiseand reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexity of society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration
21.Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filled
22.There are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons
23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness
24.It is something of a truism: an undoubted truth
25.for that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned
26.So…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dish
27.the design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature
28.pace Lord Chesterfield: with all due respect to
领会：
1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notes to the text)— Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.
2. Organization and development of the text;
3. Main idea of each paragraph.
4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal words and phrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第三章 WALLS AND BARRIERS
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
The Chief Personalities of Man
Einstein’s Chief Personalities: Modesty, Simplicity, etc.
Description Developed by Examples
二．课程内容：WALLS AND BARRIERS
三．考核知识点：
1. Inductive analysis to help make his proposition logically sound.
2. Comparison and contrasts
3. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function of the bank, and accordingly, in its architectural features — change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.
4. Organization and development of the text:
Para.1& 2: beginning with quoting his father
Para 3 & 4: a view of money in the past and now, architectural designs of banks
Para 4: function of bank
Para 6: classical and new criticism of architecture
Para 7 & 9: attitude toward possible hositility from without in primitive and modern world
Para 8 &10: attitude toward privacy
四．考核要求
识记：
Words and phrases of this unit
1. to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving: discouraging
2. a tangible commodity: material
3. that could be hefted: lifted for making out the weight
4. to attract the custom of a sensible man: business patronage
5. If a building's design made it appear impregnable: firm enough
6. the institution was necessarily sound: in good condition
7. the meaning of the heavy wall…dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: was based on , on
8. the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flair for the invention of large numbers: vigor and a creative ability
9. the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded, is set out: not at all
10.the older bank asserted its invulnerability: showed forcefully its freedom from harm
11.it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion begins: expression of human attitudes
12.walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in men's minds: fears
13.they could feel themselves to be in a delimited space: space with fixed limits
14.the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls: made impossible
15.the fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear: death
16.it has become questionable: not certain
17.Men were dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous: nosy, evil
18.the rooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio: inner roofless yard
19.engaging in the intimate activities of a personal as against a public life: rather than
20.The rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period: complex details
21….are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves: illustrate as much
22.by the conventions of law and social practice: agreements
23.and the same goes for our homes: is true for
24.Glass may accomplish this function: perform well
25.people who still have qualms about eating…under conditions of high visibility: unpleasant feelings
26.walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate screening: privacy due to separation
27.the toilette taboo being still unbroken: forbidden practice
28.To repeat, it is our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine: In a word, it is our attitudes toward
29.The "open plan" and the unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems: view free from obstruction squarely express
领会：
1. Comparison and contrasts
2. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function of the bank, and accordingly, in its architectural features — change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.
3. Organization and development of the text.
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第四章 THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
1. General introduction of the story — about how justice is administered by a semi-barbaric king.
2. Writing skills and style of the text;
3. Literary genre: the short story
二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I
三．考核知识点：
Words and phrases of this unit;
The organization of the text
3. Writing skills and style of the text;
4. Literary genre: the short story
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors: civilized
2. whose ideas were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric: sweeping, wild, and unrestrained, and so
3. He was a man of exuberant fancy: wild and excessive
4. he turned his varied fancies into facts: fancies of different kinds
5. He was greatly given to self-communing: in the habit of discussing matters with himself
6. his nature was bland and genial: gentle and cheerful
7. some of his orbs got out of their orbits: subjects did something wrong
8. to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places: to execute justice
9. his barbarism had become semified: reduced to half of what it used to be
10.the minds of his subjects were refined and cultured: improved and cultivated
11.even the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted itself: showed its power
12.The vast amphitheater…was an agent of poetic justice: perfect
13.he owed more allegiance to no tradition than pleased his fancy: stuck to no tradition except that which
14.the fiercest and most cruel that could be procured: obtained with effort
15.doleful iron bells were clanged: sad
16.wended slowly their homeward way: moved over a distance
17….should have merited so dire a fate: deserved so terrible
18.the most suitable to his years and station: social rank
19.to interfere with his great scheme of: to stop
20. retribution and reward:, deserved punishment
21.dancing maidens blowing joyous airs: tunes
22.the wedding was promptly and cheerily solemnized: performed in a manner of formal religious ceremony
23.the innocent man, preceded by children: headed
24.strewing flowers on his path, led his bride to his home: scattering
25.The decisions …were positively determinate: clear
26.to witness a hilarious wedding: wedding causing wild laughter
27.This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained: and this interest could not have been attained in other ways
28.the thinking part of the community: those who did not follow the practice blindly in
领会：
Words and phrases of this unit;
The organization of the text
3. Writing skills and style of the text;
4. Literary genre: the short story
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第五章 THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
1. Brief review of the background — Part I in Unit four, the semi-barbaric king and his way of administering justice.
2. Structure of the text
3. Psychological description of the princess;
4. How does the author create the intensity of situation?
5. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.
6. Literary genre: the short story
二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of this unit;
2. Structure of the text
3. Psychological description of the princess;
4. How does the author create the intensity of situation?
5. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.
6. Literary genre: the short story
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. fervent and imperious as his own: strong and arrogant
2. royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover: princess
3. ardor that had enough of barbarism in it: eagerness
4. waver in regard to his duty in the premises: falter to execute his power in his own territory
5. deed with which the accused was charged had been done: romantic affair
6. take an aesthetic pleasure in watching the course of events: enjoy watching with excitement
7. admittance: right of entrance
8. hum of admiration and anxiety: noise
9. Possessed of more power: With
10. possessed herself of the secret of the doors: managed to get
11.the damsels of the court: unmarried young women of noble birth
12. aspiring to one so far above him: desiring earnestly
13. those whose souls are one: who understand each other very well
14. lead us through devious mazes of passion: helps us get rid of the control of the confusing feelings and emotions of various kinds
15.her soul was at a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy: she suffered badly from the torture of despair and jealousy
16.How often had she started in wild horror: been startled
17.in the blessed regions: holy
18. futurity: future time
19.Her decision had been indicated in an instant: made clear
20. anguished deliberation: agonizing self-debating
21. presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it: suppose to regard myself
领会：
1. Description of the princess, daughter of the semi-barbaric king;
2. Her love with enough of barbarism for the young courtier of that fineness of blood and lowness of station
3. Her combined fires of despair and jealousy;
4. Her decision;
5. Structure of the text
6. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.
7. Literary genre: the short story
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第六章 DULL WORK
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
The organization of the text
2. Classical Thetoric
二．课程内容：DULL WORK
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of this unit;
2. The organization of the text;
3. Classical Thetoric
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. assumption that: belief
2. eventful lives: lives full of important events
3. The opposite is nearer the truth: The fact that people who achieve much are often content with the routine uneventful lives they live
4. an unalterable routine: a dull and regular
5. transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences: be inspired by seemingly unimportant sudden ideas for the success in great achievements
6. what he can do with physiological pressures and hunger: his capacity to suffer illness and hunger
7. vexation: discomfort
8. seminal: highly original and influencing the development of future events
9. equidistant from：equally distant
10. insights: understandings
11. inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way: excessive human feature is embodied
12. exhausts rather than stimulates: exhausts rather than stimulates creative power
领会：
1. The organization of the text
2. Classical Thetoric
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第七章 BEAUTY
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
The organization of the text
Definition
二．课程内容：BEAUTY
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of this unit;
2. The organization of the text;
3. Definition
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. what we have to call--lamely, enviously--whole persons: helplessly
2. it was quite paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory
3.seductive: charming
4. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly: teaching
5. we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty: careful about the different aspects of overall excellence
6. We …split of--with the greatest facility--the "inside" from the "outside": very easily
7. the central place of beauty in classical ideas of human excellence: ancient Greek and Roman
8. Christianity set beauty adrift: out of control
9. an alienated, arbitrary, …enchantment:, strange and capricious
10. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally: questionable in value
11. Catholic countries…still retain some vestiges: traces
12.of the pagan admiration for beauty:, ancient Greek and Roman
13.to the detriment of the notion of beauty: which is harmful to
领会：
1. The organization of the text;
2. Definition
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第八章 APPETITE
一．学习目的与要求
To grasp:
1. The organization of the text
2. Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect
3. Allusion: Oscar Wilde, Irish-born writer. Renowned as a wit in London literary circles, he achieved recognition with The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), a novel. He also wrote plays of lively dialogue, such as The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and poetry, including The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898).
4. Cultural tip: puritanical device and asceticism Puritan: A member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England. It can also refer to someone who lives in accordance with Protestant precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or luxury as sinful.
5. Definition Through Comparison and Example
二．课程内容：APPETITE
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of the unit;
2. The organization of the text
3. Definition Through Comparison and Example
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. Appetite is the keenness of living: strong desire to live on
2. you are still curious to exist: eager
3. you still have an edge on your longings: are still driven by strong desires
4. taste its multitudinous flavours and juices: numerous
5. I don't mean the lust for food: overwhelming desire
6. any burning in the blood: any strong desire that you have
7. who never got their heart's desire: were never satisfied
8. I've always preferred wanting to having: being in the state of wanting something to having something
9. the whole toffeeness of toffees: appeal for a child to eat toffees
10.imperceptibly diminished: unaccountably
11.a particular texture: structure of a substance
12.deliberate fasting eating no food on purpose
13.appetite is too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation: destroyed by over-indulgence in what one likes
14.I don't really want three square meals a day: good satisfying
15.I want one huge, delicious, orgiastic, table-groaning blow-out: exciting, lavish meal heavy enough to cause the table to groan
16.a way of anticipating a rare moment of indulgence: expecting
领会：
1. The organization of the text
2. Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect
3. Definition Through Comparison and Example
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第九章 A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS
一．学习目的与要求：
To grasp:
1. The organization of the text
2. This part concerns itself with legal English, so words often used in legal documents should be studied thoroughly. ①Words denoting unlawfulness: illicit illegal lawless unofficial illegitimate criminal unauthorized unlicensed banned prohibited forbidden ②Words denoting people involved in lawsuit: culprit criminal sinner defendant accused offender plaintiff accuser prosecutor suitor ③words used in traffic laws: Double parking speeding speed limit red-light runner
3. Evidence
二．课程内容：A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of the unit;
2. The organization of the text
3. Evidence
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. law and order: the condition of society in which given rules are respected and obeyed
2. millions of Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes: violating more frequently
3. outlaw litter: unlawful strewing with rubbish
4. illicit noise: noise too loud to be permitted
5. motorized anarchy: disorder created by motorists
6.a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing: thoughtlessly been used to
7.supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course: negligence without feeling ashamed
8.Scofflaws abounds: people who treat the law with contempt exist in large numbers
9.the graffiti-prone: who are prone to cover walls with drawings or writings for fun
10.Widespread flurries of ordinances: quantities of commands
11.the beer-soaked hooliganism: the disorder of fighting or breaking things committed by excessive beer drinkers
12.that plagues many parks: continually troubles
13. pot smoker: marijuana addict
14.to duck out of public sight to pass round a joint: escape from
领会：
1. The organization of the text
2. Evidence
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第十章 STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY
一．学习目的与要求：
To grasp:
1. Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.
2. The ability to Understand humor in Western context reflects the degree of cultural assimilation over the years of English learning. Ask students to point out the humors effect of these phrases: reaching its terminal stage providentially protectedthe basic opposing argument.
3. Casual analysis
二．课程内容：STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of the unit;
2. The organization of the text
3. Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.
4. Casual analysis
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. a straight-A student: a student who gets A's for all courses taken
2. to give him equal time with his widely publicized counterparts: as much attention as paid to those well-known ordinary illiterate people
3. a highly articulate student: student who can use language very easily and fluently
4. he has been awarded a coveted fellowship: a long-admired sum of money for admittance
5. I shall call him, allegorically, Mr. Bright: figuratively
6. It…gradually destroys the critical faculties: functions of the mind
7. to detect gibberish in his own writing: meaningless talk
8. The ordinary illiterate--perhaps providentially protected from college: luckily prevented by their poor ability of learning from entering college
9. he is awarded the opportunity to move, inexorably, toward his fellowship: inescapably
10.to admire it as profundity: profound matters
11. he must grapple with such journals as: try to deal with
12.journals bulging with barbarous jargon: full of outrageously meaningless talk or writing
13.the pleasure principle: the human instinct of seeking pleasure and avoiding pain
14. dichotomize: divide into two part
15. bifurcate things: divide into two branches
领会：
1. The organization of the text
2. Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.
3. Casual analysis
简单应用:
1. sentence structure and rewriting
2. paragraph proofreading
综合应用:
Paragraph translation from Chinese to English
第十一章 ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION
一．学习目的与要求：
To grasp:
1. The organization of the text
2. Discuss the impact of the development of science and technology on human history. They should understand that the phrase history becomes now can be interpreted in another way. Associate this essay with Things: The Throw-away Society by Alvin Toffler.
3. The rhetorical question
二．课程内容：ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION
三．考核知识点：
1. Words and phrases of the unit;
2. The organization of the text;
3. The rhetorical question
四．考核要求：
识记：Words and phrases of this unit
1. on consigning manuscripts to floppy discs: putting manuscripts into the care of
2. even the impoverished writers have turned to their Wangs: poor writers have begun to seek help from their Wangs
3. We should deplore the disappearance of manuscripts: regret deeply
4. Can this wobbly plastic reveal the hours: shaky
5. beauty was born out of despair: the creation of beauty was the result of painstaking work, so much so that sometimes the writer lost hope
6. blear-eyed wisdom was out of midnight oil: wisdom imbued in great works was the result of sleepless nights
7. Manuscripts tells us what went on in a writer's soul, how he or she felt during the agony of creation: reveals to us the flow of the writer's thought, the strong passion poured into the hard work of creation
8. Edna St. Vincent Millay may have burned the candle at both ends and wondered at its lovely light: worked hard day and night for perfection and still not sure of it
9. the copy with an occasional typo: printing error
10.the bold handwriting has substituted a vivid verb for a flabby one: chosen a vivid verb to replace a weak one
11.to